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THE LIBRARIES 


AVERY LIBRARY 





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AVERY LIBRARY, 
COWMSIA UNIVERSITY, 






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NEW MAUSOLEUM 


A. Secure SANITARY SEPULCHRE 


THE NEW MAUSOLEUM COMPANY 


James S. MacCoy, President COUNSEL; ALEXANDER & GREEN 


Dr. CHARLES A, Harvey, Secretary CrosBy & CRosBy 


PRINCIPAL OFFICE: MADISON SQUARE BANK BUILDING 
FIFTH AVENUE AND TWENTY-FIFTH STREET, NEW YORK 












is ever placed in the soil without 
yo air, and the water above and 


































































































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CAMPO SANTO FOR NEW YORK, 


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this question will: seem to have 


been utterly. abandoned, and the last-named 


ze has become - exceedingly | limited. in; its: use. 
a There. remain, then, as the answers, which 
ei oatarelly be | given to. the spite & ‘What 


tere tie eg: or iho ceintireall, 


_ been answered. For a. period 
which man has. never measured 
is . men have. died, and their bodies 
have. been, left. unburied, or they have been — 
oe buried : or entombed or burned. “As barbarism ; 
x and heathenism have given. place to civilization — 
and. rational religion, the first-named mode has — 





disposition shall be made of the dead 2”) “Bury 


them or entomb them.” And toomany, who 


are: far: above: the. average din: intelligence’ and 
thoughtfulness, these answers: wall either seem 


sufficient: or all that can be given. - 
Nevertheless, to both these’ ithe, as site 

have. hitherto been practised; serious, if. not 

fatal, objections have been made 5 ‘and only be- 


-eause it seemed that there was no escape from 


their contimiance, was there little. effort made 
to: discover: and: advocate a better mode, . The 


j objections. to earth-burial and: ¢onimon entomb- 


ment are, that they expose: the lifeless body to 





theft; that, when life is 3 
the helpless inmate of $ 
death that is too dr eadful to | nk 
in the tomb, still more in ‘the. grave, the dead 
long remain a menace to the living, as they pol- 
lute the earth, the water that permeates. it, and 
the air that circulates above it, The time is 
come when only the unintelligent can be unin- 
formed of these facts, and only the unreflecting 
indifferent to them; and already the ktiowledge 
of these facts has prowl to the intelligent and 
reflecting a pr ofound and permanent conviction 
that the evil is so great that it demands as quick 
and complete a removal:as possible 5 that not a 
day oran hour should be lost in ascertaining and 
applying the remedy forthe manifold we which 
the dead now inflict upon thelivmg! 9 
This conviction explains, as it oan ean ex 
plain, the earnestness’ and_ persistence: with 
which, in recent years, cremation: has” been 
lifted from the disuse into which it had lapsed, 
and urged upon a reluctant — as eee effec- 










mt “Bie iteruast against the dangers of Ve: hee 
‘and the grave. ‘This alone explains the odium nee 
that has been’ endured ‘and the sacrifices that 
have been made in the endeavor to procure _ 
popular approval of this unacceptable mode of BS 


% re; anid that : 





disposing of the dead ; and were there no other 
mode that would gain’ as well the same great 
end, this conviction would compel, on the part. 
of all who are governed by regard for the wel. 
fare of their kind, the burning of their dead, in 
spite of the antral and inevitable ay: 
and the invocation of the aid to vende 
the universal use. ~~ : 
- Happily, however, ‘there is doves mode of 
disposing of the dead that’ does not endanger 







the'living, and that spares the living: ‘the pain. 
that cremation inflicts upon them.” The dis 
covery of this mode, like that of every great 
advance in the arts of civilized life, was made — = 
as s00n as the inventive mind felt the’ pressure = 


of the necessity. This brought the New Man. 


soleum into being; and the New ——— a. : : 























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CAMPO. SANTO FOR NEW YORK; AMBULATORY. 


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isa “secure, ‘sanitary iar ae whch sen the. . Peer” 
—. from” ‘burial, “keep Ses ont - roel aes Bet se ae “And; for the 
eit Host dearly loved aud the most high ly esteemed, 
the utmost as ‘been done; thus’ to make the 
dead: secure, and to show them the” greatest 
: honor. cf glance at India, at Egypt, at Syria, 
“Greece, at’ Italy, and at what’the ‘modern 
5 world. still is doing for the noted déad' in the 
of disposing of is: Pantheons ‘of Rome and ‘of. ‘Paris, in Santa 
“not an imnoyation upon ancient and accepted Croce, and in Westminster Abbey, will show 
usage... The. only. ‘novelty consists in making the truth of this. With the constant practice 
su tion whe both of the past, it is in close: accord ‘that the eruc- 
nature and art, has. already been. done: “upo ies fied Chrisi 
large ,scale and through | many centuries. In in the av siad’ tomb of Jongh ‘of Arimathea 
its. other. aspects,-the New. Mausoleum anerely and that a widowed: queen raised, on Raia’s 
brings: within: the reach of all, gts have _ Western nate Vole Rie apd ade to tell 



























in-the upw ard races os | See Weis. thie: tomb” in size, in 
is burial from the snkicied stasis of the -seulpture, in in grand: design and amazing detiien: 
dead; is entombment from burial | In propor: - tion, that ‘it ranked at once with the greatest 
tion as the dead are dear, cand: an: proportion as works which the ancient world produced, and 















benets spledid sete sh ) 
that distant. dey $e to 


Toe ge ees 


befo sO. al a. ig =the -e 
monteical sid plan, ned, could. = go Ss the. gra ak will be srt ; 
. The question which has thus been br 

swered, and which ere 












and repellent. D 
as after death a 


nt. evi ; they: Sanss heiacd iris sean goer 
can be — consciousness ‘to- experience the most 
made vnobjectal —  PURIBOIE DY. Bhs >, emotions. the oe paphorss 








CAMPO SANTO FOR NEW 





YORK 7 FAMILY. COMPARTMENT, 


“41 





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ee Eaton ‘was preceded by ee investigation on 
b = _the part-of,the General Board, of Health, and 
Ee Ses angair y led to this, commision: m 






















lea ia ina. grave Bea camndea: it gic a 
ew feet of earth does not. prevent. the gases 
enerated: by decomposition, together, with pu 
| trescent. ‘matters. which they hold im suspension, 
a rom ‘permeating the. surrounding soil.and eseap- 
ing into the air. above. and the: water beneath.” 
A report. of the French. Academy of Medi- 
owas cine. states. that, even nuder. modern conditions, 
Medical. x Maen of Boies j in. mace hed the putrid emanations of Pérela-Chaise, Mont- 
Wales, admits that. the best situated cemeteries martre, and Montparnasse-~onee ps but 
may be. splmenace so as to. become unsafe, now intrasuural—. have cansed headaches and 
He ‘emphatica lly: says, that cemeteries should no! s.of vigor and. frightful diseases of the throat 


_ be “ too near.” dwellings ; that they should not and Jungs; .and. that, many.fall victims .every 
be overcrowded ; that the soakage from: them. year to the diseases, of we these, comcioricn 
should. be carefully guarded against; and that. are. He ‘souree, . 

wells near. burial.grounds are unfit sources of A A somprshessive i inquiry, ih 1875, Saskaced 


5 ee 


















4 


the “Massachusetts Board Health to! present 
this aphorism : Aa VA eA : 
“ Burial in vontiataa) ‘spaces of ground jn the 
midst of cities and™ villages, ‘ad “practise 
Christian ‘nations’ from) very. early “times ‘until 
a period comparatively ‘reeent, and’ not yet 


eeu 5s rn 








wholly discontinued, has been repeatedly proved 
to be injurious to: the’ “heénth ‘of a community, 
in proportion as such” spaces oF ground are over 


crowded with bodies.” This mali ign influence’ is 
most apparent during” epidemics, when the mor- 
tality in the vieinity” of these Hated promis has 
been frequently observed’ ‘to be excessive.” 
“The New’ Jersey” “Stite Board of Health 
largely condemnéd ‘the: vemeteries of ah own 
State when, in 1884; 7 sid | . 
“Tn the last report on” this: Bose: an ats 
and careful paper ‘on: “Tnterments” ‘presented 


the reasons, why the ‘eustom'of'i interments within’ 
city limits should ceasé; and why, also, in town? 


ships and near villages, the habit” ‘of allowing 
companies to locate eémeterie 3 “Wi hout® any Tre- 








“by all 





gard to the dpiatoval oF ‘the Heal | Boards could 
be no longer tolerated. Ve arious “facts as © “to 
graveyards” ‘and cemeteries in different parts of 
the State thake it certain’ ‘that water’ is often 
polluted “from ’ such’ catises, and that the air is. 
vouled by éxhalations from overcrowded burial 
grounds. “Often spots are chosen without any 
neference to the relations of dwellings, and with- 
out ‘proper: ‘regard to soil or ‘under-drainage. 
Since the paper was written the developments 
made by the township committee of North Ber- 
gen township, in Hudson’ “County, have given 
great emphasis: thereto. “They have shown that 
the five cemeteries of “the ‘township ‘have - “pol- 
luted both the air and the water, and that the 
irresponsible manner ‘of ‘conducting burials, as 
well as the localities of these cemeteries, has 
male them a menace to the health ‘of the’ adja. 
cent; cities add’ to. the imumiediate Cowie con- 
cerned. eg ¥ 

“In 1886 a committee, “peiided: by Dr. Bickle M. 


Keller, ‘tiadle a report to @ section of the Ame —— ac 


Mg eS Ss Seheae 





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r ‘ andl . ‘that pure. Sao es moa 
monly Spemely “ne 







oo Con FAMINKFION 









you:can, whose growth has d ed. - typhe ie 
moval-of the dead from its cemetery, that, will eat Bagh i in. the sale cokae a go" 
not attest the truth of the rapid produétion of far to.show how this dreadful seourgeis propa- 
disease and:death: in all. neighboring localities. -gated.In that town the. dejecta, ofa -single 

























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population os ae 


Die Oh hares : Sk ; 


dele ra oe 7 
fore the American c#! 
at its meeting im. we , 
x hat a see waters 





~~ Fem t enticing. Jhoking | water, —— 
sheen coreee: = omp 







“tion Gan ‘pasided jade : 
be if everso httle; by amen 
~The effect -of* cemeteries Pp 













sition” 
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CAMPO SANTO FOR NEW YORK; VIEW OF COURT FROM CLOISTER, 





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ier sane pbs lg coffins: ca age tow the 
aocess: ab ‘swater to —— i ‘are -on 


hat Bae reader's! antentionsd . 
| Graveyard seepage 1a sewage a 








fFo: sine 
est possible facility: for the soluble portion tobe 
taken. up by. the ‘subsoal* watereourses “andcon- 


Aid ost are $0 pepe ena a 








veyed to the: storage ‘supply-—seareel y:: less: ef: 
fectually, indeed, thair ifthe: dead: bodies. were 
at. once é¢ast ito: ‘the--watercourses;: after the 
manner. of the .ancient.» Hindoos, and -with 
scarcely léss fatal resulta:"- 295 SAY dad? thas 
The report of -the» expert » engineer.» Prof: 
Charles C. Brown, of Union College, to the State 
Board of Health, dated: January: 261889; states 
that. eighty-three: cemeteries: providing for the 
dead of about twenty thousand: people, are 
located. in, and: therefore ¢or mntribute ope 
tion of, the Croke watershed, Bee Sere Se 
* BACPRRI, Sars, Lees 
Bir Henry ‘Thempains peaks--v 
those who considér yall; burial- -places. dangerous 
to the living. ln The: ——— for 
January, 1880, heleayeien %s tecime fess fc 
















+ 


oe visio witeall a th 

that | by: burial in earth’ We 
—whatever sanitary piictdeaenrenn oe 
rere vand® drainage, whatever disinfee- 
tion 48 “applied 
RE I) ‘the -pestilential germ’, which 
have destroyed the body in question are thus 80 
treasured and: ‘protected as to" } propagate _and 
multiply, ready to: a owork like rv 

hereafter for others. | . Every yearrécords 
new faets, identifying the ‘cause of dértain of the 
niost familiar types of contagious disease with 
the presence of minute’ organisms, bacteria, thé 
absorption of ‘which inte the blood, of even’ in 
some cases into the: ‘alimentary ‘anal, suffices ‘to 
reproduce the: ‘dangerous -malady.° 2 One of “the 











most'deadly scourges $0 our race, Via., ‘the tuber: , 





enlar disease, is “now ‘known’ to” be thus p 
gated: Then, besides’ anthr 
spores’ from which’ ‘are “notoriously brought’ to 
the surface from: buried “animals below, — 
come fatal tothe herds nates thers, 





after’: -eontagions® disease © CT 


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Looe oct ets tessa SA at eer 
teria which flourish paierdeetancs: 


ep staan use ike Se 








ae esas tions the: 
dwetion; is. Sestained bye oh 
fliDarwin sind Pasteur 
fably showy that the moul 
earth; ii inany ‘plaeas: 
the digestive -¢ 





Pe: 2 
Sw fristances three: thus 

‘ & da<hhr i Veoats and in’ei Year the depth 
te stiydénythent’ free: action, “nen deo ete ae fiadhed::-thhtesns anche <Pasteur’s ex- 
fas oe dead bodies i in close coffins, in im*pe a wlemenstrate that this petethes 










ree el 















brought up by werms: ie nth 

grave, contains the speeifie.. of , the, disease 
that destroyed its tenant, He-alse : mand simi 
lar germs in the worms ithe asdlyeg.s.s 39° ‘4 

. The researches of Dr. D 

de Janeiro, ave not less $1 
of an. investigation of a prevailing -epide 
yellow-fever i that. city, he. diseovere 
dreadful iact.that the soll —_— emete 


an: soraneiemns The greece aed dec 






was sheik alive: with, mi ere é ince: Pa as = 
exactly ideutical. with those fow the vomit: of subsoil. nigeergeis se  hidied «eke ei 


ings and. blood of these scan 5 em ae is aduty,” ” he‘added, “no less: to ourselves: than: 
hospitals: of yellow: fever... Dr. Freire: ad the to those. whio..are: ae, pte after, us. Our cities 7 
specific. disease germ even: ‘abs he very. a ! cemeteries; ourvillages crowd 
and when: he: took: asa » of: earth from, around and salt etal: ae lecal graveyards ; all 
point one: foot, cndenpielnea tan proved. to be bug. closely’ that. -soddening- ASS. -of- -patridity, 
charged. with vellow-fever, gerv 3, although. to whieh ‘becomes~ cognizant, to. every - sense Save — 
sight or smell it presented no unusual appeat that of sight. -Whatwe: eat.and drink, in these 
ance, «It appeared. to she an wholesome localities, beeo: . tainted swith that,which has | 
earth, and. yet Dr. Freire demonstrated its dead: never, De gear umpneapepi eee 22 | 
ly character, “The diseoveries of. the ilien morphesio’: 2 cn3S x atts oh OE Bevis ars 


































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~ inv ine . i aaterial: ale ‘a + ale oe ay pee 
gr peed jnstifya anew. Aeparture, detly- laid iu the-grave ‘or: “tya:tomb, 5 we feel 
a tadioal change? : i atcate cope scutes found a final é 








and that there it will tema anil: its Creator 
shall cali it forth fora nobler use -When how- 


ever, that bidy.: has been - es 


handful of ashes are left, wheth 
are scrupulously kept: or: carelessly <cast upon 
the fields for fertilization, as” some -crem tionists. 














recommend, “the! Araditional falbigeeteeetiona!: 
though it may be,is shock » and: there arises 
within us ax opposition: to cremation ‘that: - 


losophy cannot overcome) a 4i Yen 290 
In addition to the sentimental: ippseion: to: 


cremation, and others that may be urged, which 


will, by ‘some, be. thought unworthy: of ¢ ‘serious: 


attention, an insuperable objection is the almost: 
complete destruction of the body, including ‘of 
course any arsenical or organie poison that it may 
contain. “It is notvaltogéthera’seeret,” says Sir 
Henry Thompson, “that someom 








be held: to» mdicate:” 


m men of: 
large experience hold the opinion, thatthe admin: 
istration of poison causing death isnotso uncom: 
mon, as the infrequent-diseovery of the act might: 
He frankly admits the 





on, that its 





gravity of- the: inten nea 


deceptance might lead to.an epidemie obs secret 


poisoning: As av remedy for the: apprehend» 


- eds ‘avalanche: of « crime; ‘he proposes: a “rigid: 


inquiry. bya: competent medical officer; ae 
the keeping, for fifteen or: twenty: years or 
thereabouts,” in a publi office, of the sts 
and portions of the other viscera, in every case 
of death; ‘The ‘seriousness’ of: thie - difticalty- 
alinost: justifies the strong language of t ne} 
presented - by the. Massachusetts Board: of 
Health, in twhich it declares; “The fursiace’ 
stands to. the murderer: in the relation’ “of. 
accessory after the fact.” “And this ‘objection to 
cremation is as’ forcible: im ‘eases of secret: 
criminal — pr’ ‘assault, as an in eases of 
secret: meee of: Be cee 





tet ak J. ee ., 


H Why,” ‘asks Dre Bojleg in shonpaper tone 
mentioned, “may: there ‘not “be a ‘system “of 
thong desiccation and — — 


tion?” essa 


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THE NEW MAUSOLEUM FOR NEW ORLEANS, LA, 


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after death. The opportu 
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he bodies of cur friends would be laid away in secure-rest- 
sing places, much as were the bedies of the early, Christians 
in Rome-in the cecesses of the ial ae cas with a 
certain. Areedom, from ordinary decayn ci segs ost ox! 
This. plan. when thoroughly thie bi ened far 


tour present. resort to crowded . and. ever 

















S Sarees iy hot more crowded eity cemeteries, whether we take questions 
Be ae 5: : ae l se ; 
e ici satoreaeioe i age i ie bee or of conntahcab Neenasianions 
ae s in the. Vicinity of our populous cities. It ~ owe Oe aa a 
a | bree serious: disadvantage: of, cremation. It will” INBNEEE, { sahkigtiin, Ds CG, 
Bs be lem : rather Hap more. ¢ ve than ordinary burial. % President of the Amerivan’ Mediéal Association, 
_ Re Pk PS vg yt ee ee i wraet : 
= ? <3 New io eedily built.” - in answer fo an ii jury from New York, \ writes : 
“a Sh s : tage Whois eave Ww ASHING TON, D. c %. rath April,. 1888. 
ge = Dear Sir: ‘é 
Re nee favor of the 13th has been ‘received. ts reply 
a 


I take pleasure in saying, that I have had an opportunity 


ae Ee | witnessing the ¢xpenment of desiccating a human 
; Geo compare (et human with things afvine* body, and feel persuaded that the invention for that 


Rs ee 


. The Rev. Dr. Huey M MacCrackzn, Vow S purpose is ' destine:! to prove one of ‘vast importance. 
Giaasedion: of the Ui niversity ¢ a one Baste 


The principle ' upon which it is “constructed | is one of 
writes as follows: 


acbentiae accuracy, and has been reduced to a practical 

fact so far ds Fcan see -T do’not hesitate to pronounce 

ore ARES ce tree bs prene i, Pe, den "the scheme a positive shecess. — AVY. P. (GARNETT, © 
is most repellent an “ 

ae gerous in the disposal, as -at_present, of the dead... : York E. P, Fow.er, 38 West 40th | oo ew 

g Poe Mein Damen a Han wich ork, ITD, aes pee eid: 


Br iis 









EPEC, Pie hee 
er teas al 
5 








De ia Xe 


















jectio and, in. 
: aap f 


science is in E 
Bake 


if This ‘new. 


en ‘siffice to fe : 


: 4 : Re ; aiid sae CIC 
i sition of, th | “*T caty'say aie. > z 
seks tific I ipprove of ad endome emose 











APPEARANCE OF THE SINGLE SEPULCHRES, WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR INSCRIPTIONS AND DECORATIONS. 
69 





SOAP ES 


i 2: 












Fee 


Me tao 


Beery 


£3: 

















~ fit Bonave’ eairetally: seudied’thé latter“ of! the! “New 
m;' and eae an aan 
i ion, of our. Pee ae Bamcgt: 5 ERTS. 





n. ee Picea. of. ( 


Ean i oe 


ay am greatiy surprised and gratiied: ak: the aaa’ Be: 

ehayé seen in desiceating a human body, and-I doubt if 

2 history will. ever record an. invention more ee aie sia 
"othe world 0 “pr more. valuable to the ote rues 






cian in Brooklyn, writes: | ee 

“8 After” attentively” witnessing your 1 siliod: of oe ic- 

ing'the dead human body, I am satisfied beyond a doubt : 

. vent -de d preserve, f 

that Haag Upon ie lassi ip ee vel ae) ana years sa scias éxtocabie ‘boilderot spitvate 
tion, or other putrefactive changes. oe and ase in n thie hie after the 

_. The discovery - by which it will be in future:possible mos 

: to keep the dead body. housed under circumstances simi- 

Boa lar r tg the living, will be a boon eagerly sought after, Zs fe 

eB f “When. your Mausoleum is completed, I will want «7 Sak carefuily examined your + system tor Mispouing 

a family, epulchre in it+to which I: propose to remove _ of. the. dead, and ¢he, plans for the “New Mausoleum,’ 

‘the remains of my oh: now buried in one. ett the come” “and it-has many «!: -sitable features.to, recommend it: To 

teries of this city.” those who are sensitive as to the complete preservation 


© ay 4 



























ig Bie B Pos, 16 > Br ad Sin 6 et 7 the body, the stvcess of desiccation, affords ali that 


can be desired, and as a sanitary measure, it is quite as 
. safe as crematicn. 





istrict of Co Columbia, sa 


ne. ete elgegie 
‘says . ree 2 S00 big nga 











where President Olevel elat 


sy 1 cordially 


a vast seneft #0 to 
General USE," 





ve 






; Saber iahe 
Pemex 






Smira : Towne: MDI ail eigen 










“He is nuh pled 9 ththe ystem; and’commends “Agriculte ny 
ffs use in i S official » printed 1888, page to. EAS AB 2 3 CLs ‘Says! % 
so IGANG pelea | Piaeye BEE 958 Sess ff The scientific princi 

2] beset pba Ey Ce A i 
“De p ean Coroner of ae and wit positively accom 


the ancients ‘think of this 





















foe 


mn 


3 
u 
v 
3 
re 





5. 


CHRE 
73 





A SINGLE GROUP OF SEPUI 





cf | dae an abjec?™ =F 


8 Botiety, the discussion turned ‘upon the” ‘toarked | 








yut effective plan for aceoeplbie ey ‘ 


2 Sat Ga ee SRE 


Sree OF <9 saomates was 
: ooh ring, didund: wanna, 
is fromthe editorial columns of the’ May ‘sstie Fsstie 
oftthe New York Medical Times: i ee 


ehie: Sat Sora, ee eee + Ms 


“Ata recent: ‘amiéeting “oft the’ King’s $ “County: ‘Medical 















Of typhoid fever in Brooklyn during the past few Year 
_ Phe fact was admitted by ‘all the physicians ; ‘and one of 
the thost fruitful causes was attributed to the infection of 
water from the numerous large cemeteries ih, ae 
heat vicinity Of, the city, “All of the speakers’ admit “ac 
the growing necessity of some better way of Mita of 
the dead than by burial, ‘and were inclined to favor cre- 
mation. “The objections to this process are mostly those 
f sentiment, which might in a measure be removed b 
time ; but a plan has recently been proposed, “practical 
iad Hee “From the” ‘objections tinged a 
éremation. Tei is found 










that exposing’ the ta 











Rees ick tends rigs 


gainst oy or 


| eh bodies left im the ary air in en Arizona 
eel ether focalities; the process of, putrefaction is 


ed, the gases are carried off. by the current of air 


passing through a furnace and are consumed... A ¢om- 


pany has been organized for the erection of a mausoleum 


large enough to contain many thousand’ bodies... The 





es will open upon corridors lighted by. electricity, 
wilh be guarded. by two. doorsy: the: outer -one of 
marble, itou, or bronze, and the inner one of. plate: glass 


through. which, coi be seen the body unchanged in color 


and. untouched by: decay, . The walls of the mausoleum 
will be of concrete as firm and: enduring. as. the rocks of 
the mountains. Provisions will be, wher the-dead 
of families way rest together, and where the niches will 
open into a reception room, which. Ean Be ciopsished to 
guit the taste of the jiving, 

‘eG *phis plan wil do away wie the danger of. eras 
Buried alive, as. during the ‘process of. preparing, the 
body, it is surrvaded, by a current of air, and an electric 
wire sounds a bell in. the office of the ¢ mausoleum on 


the slightest | DIY ement ot the body, i : ¢. welfare of the 
some. plan for the 









living requires, at no. distant day, some. 
disposal ot the dead, near aus ‘eg, een from 
peal burial, * LER, Sine 





. ye “a 


eee Seuire vi r Xie. 


: the ret Me ee Sas F 


WS ae Stine Fi Ae PON SOT ee oe Swe REVS 
















socket y. GRACE 


2) “here teegobdaw 
of Public: 5898 
interes: ee ¥ nave wa ihe ee 
ama oat ‘ 
<* Youridea 6 Allie 

bec ctigty re i the g Y 
thought of seo 
of the: bey ‘i an 











agataior thie pierre oe Y 


“stp wai? biti ee 
sent 


re 


ates iP or Ke <s 


“3 


the bodies whieh, Re 


ESF 


and am Very" 
gee z 


general approval and | we OnE wu 


e 












Lae of the world. From 
' me Clas Tac re is nothing with which to 

“t it nsider yor your ir movemel thy find KI meets absolutely every” necessity 
of all possible encouragement from whatever. standpoint, “that ever suggested itself to the mind of a man who has 
— ‘or Social, iw ebviewe, yop prey: “be - - Bained: eg ittte sober. bigs thought of the rgth 


Sy: “The How Ww. W. Humeiroie| Tx 


ee iter of oe of, ae fy Eh 

























pe 


8 ne om 
Pd ge t uality,bety es 
. i 2 }O0r Seas so eee " 


. purial customs {and fam ‘satistied that it m etter ‘in 
Se tian ‘éthenmiethods, thé sanitary and pdicbalaasame - BF feb 
— offsthe livings;.-Phe Bible; offering: dae st oe g them 
ete Dalene ane samme |e ‘ay ofS mos pe i 9  tocany eek mw ‘aes ane pe ie = wer neg 
: ref sal RAS 2 we objecting.” : sebsibilities” fee ee cas : 
Dp : Sat SOUS aS  Phcfou it CATARLES SS “Teens Pp ure 
we aaah Biology, University of Pennsylvania, 
ee writes’ as follows: ritittee ; 
Sore me, a Mhank, you. fc 


prizes a 
























Ee’ 
ae 
ye 
om 
SB 
hy PS, 
eo 
te 















rey aes Sa eg ea ne F gf 


es AP bic “it sanitary , 
ne Aer eu ae tein aon 







as ee sig4is oe oo No : Wi 
St amy Fully sateen te -gotie Com piatty 2 1aAs* pos- ‘Sanitary. Entombment,”. ae “Kee gee Pius a 
gee cent pm ne posingef candpoint of Jarigprys ence, | eee and 
the. finally, mish, $0 xecgrd.nay. Sentiment, ths '<to,mn) mind Me, Mastapertect, method 
have. ever devised for, the disposal aes ns Seas 






















d approval « of bs — you 











this: improved method of 
of the dead, is fut nis hed by the 


a number of the, representative citi 





that 


fact, 
gens of New York united j wy the. foll 





, that the wig INe) be daipeo: « ina a 


ot Les 
se re 





. Tak New i steunaua > Comeiad ‘Seeciaun— 
Haying been favorably impressed by what we have 
learned in regard to your new system for the sanitary 
disposition of the dead, and believing it tobe a matter of 
great public interest, we respectfully § suggest that a lect- 
ure, descriptive Of ‘ie new: system, be given in this city, 

Si wi 


at dich tinve and place as skid Suit your 
zy i we; ah gd Sa at icf a 








“RTHER ‘tecjiony, eee great 





AOE 2 vga? 


of ‘ta iu ‘were “ap nded t) th é names of 
the Rev. Howard Crosbie DD, the Rey. John 
W. Brown, D.D., the Rey. ‘Alexander. Mackay- 
Smith, D.D., the Rey. Thomas Armitage, D.D; 
J. Edward. Simmons; Esq., Albert» Bierstadt, 
Bsq., John C. Peters; M.D.) Eebert: ‘Guefnsey, 
M.D., the Rev. sca 5 degs DD, 3 and 
Hamilton W. Mabie, Esq. ee | 

Tn response to this invitation an “fHlustrated 
lecture 4 was. given « on ‘the. evening of Ju une 3, 


by the he Charles R. Treat. A meee auc 
of ladies and gentlemen, eminent in professional 
and social circles, were: present and listened with 
close attention and pake nets to this fo 


: HEE Bae. ree 


eins sy 











~ entation of the method of the New uso leum, BEFORE. THE AMERICAN ACHDICAT! ASSOCTATION. 
as meeting the demands of sanitary science, ten- A fortnight later, also by réquest, Dr. Harvey 
der sentiment, and exacting taste. . Dedede c. presented a paper: liefore tke Awierican Medical 
Peters, deservedly honored for his devotion t RE Association, at their meeting in Newport, R. I. 
cause of public. health, presided, and spok ein In this pee the abjeraons toearth burial were 
on en of the - ha uperiority of the 

. aH anitaria method oth the New. Mausolewn. set forth, ‘at: 





















& liciting wal 
PL atee ge pee eek Cres eee expression. nf nendaae Wee sh x 
BEFORE ne corms anions bah 
 § CONGRESS...” oMErOR OLE - AMERIGAN: SOCIAL: “wouiivow ‘ABSO- 
, fee aig ee 5% 2 
slater Dr Chane . ver ATION, 3 i 3 





coenaerle ex: chen on’ pehalf of btn conan Di nesting ‘ot he Roe See eence 
national. Medico-Legal Congress, and’ rend® a’ Association, in Saratoga, under the department 
paper at a-session of that body in. Bteinway” of Public Health, this omaha of disposing of the 
Hall.. «This. “paper. ‘emphasized’ the difficulty dead was presented in an illustrated: lecture by 
with which:crime is-detected under the existing the Rev, Mv Treat, and in a supplementary 
modes of disposing-of the dead, and particularly paper ‘by Lv Havved: After the lecture had 
when:cremation is practised ; and the compara.” been delivered and? the paper ‘read, an oppor- 
tive certainty that the evidence of crime will be tunity was given, according to the eustom of 
preserved | indefinitely i in the dead who shall be the Association, for the discussion of the sub- 
entombed in the New es a ject; and although the new method was care- 








_ Rev M 7 Dey —s 
Public Us Apanbidtine 


anti cana : 











ONE OF THE OCTAGONAL BAYS AT THE TERMINATION OF THE LONG CCRRIDORG. i, 4 















~--<" tion, prominent place should be ¢ 
to te magnificent tomb at Halicarnassus, i 


and security that marked it, and in its serving 
as an enduring and worthy oui of the love 
of the living; but it was unlike the New Mauso- 
leum in that it did not provide for the sanitary 








is ascent that, shalom “the. illus: 
7 trations that are einplaped to make 
yee “plain the purpose of this” publica* | 
ae g : Noting these 
in 
which the lifeless form of King Mausolus rested: 
undisturbed “for nearly two thousand years. — 
This was like the New Mausoleum in the beauty . 


Bageinion of thede “es or oe ithe deadeeitation 
and reseue of the rreiatarely: entombed, or for 
‘the entombnient of the many. andthe poor. 
points of resemblance and differ- 
“enee, it will appear that there is enough in 
common betieun the two to justify the adop- 
tion of ‘the unu« of the totab of Mausolus for 
the splendid ‘Iwellings of the dead, which it 
is now proposed to provide; and: that there is 
enough of suistantial difference to justify the 
qualifying word, and to pide them Now Mauso- 
leums. | 

83 




































coat | the most skilfal 
“the amd. se “were summoned, and — 

was erected in the then 3 e va id ni i of (the e on vel oe athe and lasting — 
Halicarnassus, bie > some Fe 0 » Believe. began, For two. years she was perm : 
of Vu task, during which. sabe 

at, before ‘labors were by no means light or unrenowned - 
i conduct of : kingdom; and then she 
init Swas: compelled by death to leave her husband's 
her monument Cuntnishel. At ae -_ when. the 


The first Mausoleum, that. 
of the few great works of t 





















retin “ith these — thes ani -eni | 

1’ pay due hanor to the memor < = p royal, rated ote wereno k on 
consort, splendid ‘pageants “passed before her mand, the.architects and. he. 

and her ‘oyal: s0tlsjeebs aid: contests. of skill, in to. their eternal. Tonos that they wo oul 

sf-mind, wer insti- the work, with no more remuneration 

tuted. ‘Of shite alter, it ‘ae mained recorded. satisfaction. of: their success. « Tn names. of as 
that ono Pheodoktow -secured.-a prix “fon. '@ these noteworthy men, who. were scarcely in, es 
tragedy, in which Mausolus was - he hero; and ferior, as artists, to any who preceded themand 
that one Theopompos, a pupil of the renowned have hardly been equalled by any who, have — 
Isocrates, contending with his master bs Scien succeeded. them, were Satyros and Pythios, =~ 
panegyric, bore.awaly from: him} ne - * But architects, and: otis Leavsinees, ‘Reyaris. and eee 
these ephemeral tributes. ihe ee ouks and Pikisiorten —— Ey chi Gadoe ani’ sea: 














‘e 




















t 





i) 


i 





Atnemtitcins eater 





‘THE TOMB OF NMAUSOLUS. 


85 











The ‘Maischoanr fas received sci ‘men: 
- tion from the time of Strabo to the twelfth cen- 
tury of the Christian’ era. 
- gen, writing in the ‘fourth century, notes that 
its sanctity had evidently not been violated. — 
Eustathius, writing in the twelfth century, in” 
his commentary upon the Thad, says: “It was 
and is a wonder.” Between this and the fol: 
lowing century, what man had thus far spared 
_ succumbed to some convulsion of nature; for, 
in 1402, when the Knights of St. John’ ‘tbok 


possession of the site fora stronghold against 


the Saracens, the Mausoleum was no more, and 
its dismembered fragments served as the mate- 
rials of the new fortification. The work of de- 
struction was not complete, however, until 1522, 


when, the Sultan Solyman seeming to threaten 


Rhodes, the Grand Master sent the Knights 
again to the site of the city of Mausolus to 
further strengthen the Castle of St. Peter. Then 
the stones of the base of the Mausoleum were, 


for the first time, disturbed, and the ‘sepulchral — 


Se 





E iaintie’ and the ‘sarcophagus seen again by 


men. 


“Gregory of Nazian- 


Our present knowledge of the Mausoleum is 


due to the investigations of Mr. C. T. Newton, 


keeper of the Greek and Roman antiquities in 
the British Museum. Following the deseription 


‘which Pliny has left; and wiided by his dis 


his faithful 


éoveries, he has reached the conclusion that the 
Mausoleum was composed of a Basement, 65 
feet in height; a Peristyle, or enclosure of col- 
umns, within which stood a structare of richly 
decorated solid walls, 37 feet in height ; a Pyra- 
mid, 25 feet in height; and upon the Pyramid, 
or upon a Pedestal. that rose therefrom, a Four- 
Horse Chariot, iu which stood gigantic statues 
of King Mausulus and a female figure, that may 
have been intended for his favoring deity or for 
spouse. The entire height was 
about 140 feei, and may have been considerably 
more; the length of the Basement was 114 feet, 
and its width ¥2 feet. : . 

To the other illustrations that — book 


a of these aes the Campos wil be Ast ee 
at described, _ a | bo see 







The design that j is. is ead Ph y: 


soleum “for Washington, is the | 
John G. Myers, to whom the cone 


ROSE 








sanitary tomb first came. The designs 1 that : are 
entitled, T i New Mausoleum for jew Orleans, : 


work of Mr. a B. Wheeler i 
serves as the frontispiece - a : 
pnPe Santa, for Nev York, ee the coe 


deservediyh oeee ‘for his serv 
of New York 3 as architect, and 


Gr st used at the time of-an actual. transporta- fee 


ae Crucifixion to Pisa, i in the twelfth century, With 








2: compelled toabandon the attempt. Then, with — 


1 are wont. to. eredit a far more modern. time, the 


sacred soil, in order that, if they could not keep 


that fay ever beyond the infidel’s. reach, oe as 


7 where, se: ppd. upon: the — adjacent 





‘The ecnhe, ‘mean “Holy “Field.” and. eae : 
tion of earth from the. supposed site of the 
many other ardent, souls, the Archbishop of that Sg 
city had gone to the Holy. Land todeliveritfrom 
the dominion. of the infidel... - Saladin, however, eae 
had prevailed. against. them, and they had been _ 
something. of | the shrewdness with which we Ses 


zealous. Archbishop resolved not to be bafiled | 
altogether in his quest, and directed his equally vis 
zealous. followers to load.their ships with the 


it-all, they could convey away a part and. put = | 


cordingly, they filled their fleet of a hundred 
ships. and, brought. the precious freight: to Pisa, = 7 














3 to ths raagpiticent ‘Duomo and the. chsh 


Baptistery, it naturally took the name “Campo- 


Santo,” and became the coveted ala. ‘place of 
: Sand, " and of the strife of Christians for its 
redemption, and of their final rescue of a portion 
of its soil from the Saracen’s grasp for the 


‘Pisa’s pious and famous dead. 


After a time, the Campo- Santo was aaclows: 


with lofty walls, and these were roofed and 
enclosed within by inner walls pierced by ex: 


sai quisite Gothic windows, which were intended to 


“be filled with colored glass and tracery of holy 
forms and faces. Upon the inner surfaces of the 
outer walls were painted representations of 
Death, the Judgment, Heayen, and Hell,— 
harsh and anwholesame for this age of ours, 


but profoundly. impressive and. sublime,—by 
Giotto, Oreagna, Simone Memmi, and others. 


"Against the wall stand monuments and tombs, 


many of which were prepared for those whom : 


- they contain and commemorate, but many also 
_ of which served first an ancient use, and long 


after were made to take again the dead of a 


distant, _generation ;_ so that here, with ‘much 
that is priceless to the artist. and historian, 


yin 


fe. ‘Campo- Santos,” 
made sanitary by the ae of. the system of 


there i is a series of illustrations of re care of 
men. for their dead for many generations, 


Thus, with all that tells of the only “Holy 


interment of their dead, and with all the memo- 
rials that are here of those that have died loved 
and lamented, and with all that tells, as the 
story nowhere else is so well told, of the stern 
and honest artisans of the Pisan Middle Age, 
and with all the sweetness: of the spot, the 


graceful enclosing cloisters, the verdant sod, the 


genial sunshine, the gentle wind, and the song 
of birds, the Campo-Santo sets a. type and. pre- 


sents a picture that the modern world may well 


adopt and strive to reproduce for the resting- 
places of their dead. Indeed, so felicitous has 
the title seemed, that almost throughout the 
land of Italy the cemeteries have been christened 
and, when entombment is 




















the New kad Se4e0l8 e straiite 
the Campo-Santo, jn its unique and exquisite 
expression of the : affection and of | t: 
living, should Decome the: n v m ar i 
plan, » herever pity and ‘ef it icta e the 
a of thee : aie C 
resents tiie 

Nee be erected in 
ae pcrenes se on = e 5. TR 
this there 8-noe attempt at special decoration ; 
it is intended to bea plain, well-proportioned 
structure, inthe Ttalian style, | uit it i is ‘exceed- 
ingly interesting, as the’ first te form 

Ww hict 1 h the New y Mansoleum erat 
nts the 


compar renee sa id bs 
Manso! eau cat Washi eo : 





roves - its” “faith a 
the last religious rites can be s 
illustration on ‘Page a prese 


ay, 


the details of the structure, but the si 


stated that the length will be 350 feet, and the fo | 














ment of the Lopitned ae “the! 2 third for of ete 

the New Mausoleum at Washington. — ae 
The illustration on page 35. —- ‘the eae 

New Mausoleum which it ¥ pre 4 

in ‘New. Orleans, Ta 


? cae 





cause, in ‘itself aia’ its soins it dees si ie 

suggest, in any repellent sense, the tombs of the — 

past, while it evidently provides a beautiful and . 

noble dwelling for the dead. | 
The illustration on page ‘41 represents ¢ a . New aoe 

Mausoleum in’ the ‘modernized Grecian style, ee. 

that may be termed the ‘Venetian Renaissance, 

The floor plans, ‘which follow, will best explain 

the size and 








capacity will be partially appreciated * when it is 


average width 100 feet. “The illustration on page — 

42 represents the plan of the first ‘floor of the 
lastnamed New Mansoleum. Provisi eho. ¥ 
upon this floor: for many family com] arty 7 

The iMlustration” on page 47 rept ose 












Find mestidlon of the same ve building. 


__ ligious services ean be held. 





The illustration on page 53 epee ‘the 


~ New Mausoleum in the Romanesque style; a 


style that is deservedly popular at the pean iE 


time, and is admirably adapted to this use. 


The illustration on page 54 represents ‘the - 
__ plan of the second floor i in the New Mansoleum > 
of the larger type. Here, again, grouped sepul- 5 


_ chres, for families and friends, are prominent. 


The illustrations on pages 56 and 59 repre: 


~ Sent a: group of compartments, in elevation. 


Tn and about these, there need be no gloom, . 
and they may be made places of frequent resort — 
for retirement and meditation; for consoling 


2 recollection, or for more consoling anticipation. 


The illustration on page 65 represents the 
ia No 
_ many, this will seem the most appropriate, as. 
- the architecture of Egypt is largely. associated - 
with the eare of the dead, and has areca to 


Sew Mausoleum in the Egyptian style. 


third floor in the larger edifices. 
voted to single sepulehise: of which a great 
‘number, sith ae space for each, are here 
provided. , 











ae ee. 8 | he the ziogt (ering of all chat men have 
farther end a ‘Chapel is: provided, where res 


levised. 
The Vustration on page 66 represents the 
This is de- 


The illustration on page 69 sajieabbiite the 


gate sepulchres in elevation, with the sugges- 
tion of suitable inscriptions and decorations. 


The illustration on page 73 represents a 


‘anal group of sepulchres, of more than the 
ordinary number. 


As can readily be seen, such 
an arrangements permits the largest scope in 
appropriate decoration and consoling use. 

The last illustration, on page 79, represents 
the octagonal bays, at the termination of the 
long corridors It is proposed to make these 
as beautiful as possible, with foliage plants 


and flowers, and the most expressive and 


exquisite ornamentation: of the LS and the 


windows. 





eA I gM» UTES EERE RET 


Soma 


fet 
aa 
| 








ITALY. 


INTERIOR VIEW OF CAMPO SANTO, PISA 





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BOUNP 
MAR 20 4962 





